From One Cell

Starred review from June 26, 2023
“How does an entire animal... arise from a single cell?” asks Stanger, a professor of medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, in his superb debut. Offering a thorough overview of how single-celled zygotes grow into complex organisms, Stanger profiles researchers whose experiments have contributed to the current scientific understanding of development, starting with English naturalist Robert Hooke’s discovery of cells in 1665 by examining cork under a magnifying glass. Also discussed are French biologists François Jacob and Jacques Monod’s tests in the late 1950s on E. coli bacteria, which found cells acquire specialized roles through the regulation of genes, and German embryologist Hilde Mangold’s 1921 grafts of newt embryos, which revealed that “cells ‘talk’ to one another during development.” Cell research, Stanger contends, holds promise for devising new medical treatments, including the ability to repair damaged nerves after spinal injuries or to disrupt cancer cells’ ability to communicate with and control other cells. The scientific explanations are enlightening and related with helpful analogies (Stanger suggests that each cell contains an organism’s full genome for the same reason actors work from complete scripts, instead of only their own lines), showcasing the surprising and impressive abilities of cells. Readers will marvel at this stimulating and comprehensive deep dive.